tachtler:dovecot_backup_-_skript
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Dovecot Backup - Skript
HINWEIS - Die Nachfolgende Konfiguration von Dovecot setzt eine lauffähige Installation von Dovecot voraus, wie unter nachfolgendem internen Link beschrieben !!!
Dovecot ist ein Open-Source-IMAP-und POP3-E-Mail-Server für Linux bzw. UNIX-ähnlichen Systeme, entwickelt mit dem Hauptaugenmerk auf Sicherheit. Dovecot ist eine ausgezeichnete Wahl für kleine und große Installationen. Dovecot ist schnell und einfach zu installieren, erfordert keine besonderen Voraussetzungen und ist Ressourcenschonend.
Dovecot wird von Timo Sirainen entwickelt.
| Beschreibung | Externer Link |
|---|---|
| Linux-Magazin | Wie Admins ihre Mailserver vor Datenverlust schützen Wie Admins ihre Mailserver vor Datenverlust schützen (Seite 4) - Erwähnung Artikel aus Ausgabe 06/2018 - geschützt |
| Homepage | http://dovecot.org |
| Dokumentation | http://dovecot.org/documentation.html |
| Wiki Dovecot2 | http://wiki2.dovecot.org/ |
Ab hier werden root-Rechte zur Ausführung der nachfolgenden Befehle benötigt. Um root zu werden geben Sie bitte folgenden Befehl ein:
$ su - Password:
Zstandard (zstd)
Für den Einsatz der Komprimierungsmethode Zstandard (zstd) ist es ggf. erforderlich, das Programm zstd zu installieren.
CentOS 7
Zur Installation von Zstandard (zstd) über ein rpm-Paket, soll hier das Repository eines Drittanbieters genutzt werden, da Zstandard (zstd) nicht im CentOS-Repository enthalten ist.
Nachfolgend soll das Repository des Drittanbieters EPEL genutzt werden. Eine Anleitung, wie das Repository des Drittanbieters EPEL eingebunden werden könnte, kann unter nachfolgendem internen Link nachgelesen werden:
Zur Installation der Komprimierungsmethode Zstandard (zstd) wird nachfolgendes Paket benötigt:
Mit nachfolgendem Befehl, werden die benötigten Pakete installiert:
# yum install zstd Loaded plugins: changelog, priorities 234 packages excluded due to repository priority protections Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package zstd.x86_64 0:1.5.0-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Changes in packages about to be updated: Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: zstd x86_64 1.5.0-1.el7 epel 649 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 649 k Installed size: 2.1 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: zstd-1.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 649 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : zstd-1.5.0-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : zstd-1.5.0-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: zstd.x86_64 0:1.5.0-1.el7 Complete!
Mit nachfolgendem Befehl kann überprüft werden, welcher Inhalt mit dem Paket installiert wurde.
Paket zstd:
# rpm -qil zstd Name : zstd Version : 1.5.0 Release : 1.el7 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Sat 02 Oct 2021 07:40:55 AM CEST Group : Unspecified Size : 2178120 License : BSD and GPLv2 Signature : RSA/SHA256, Mon 17 May 2021 03:12:58 AM CEST, Key ID 6a2faea2352c64e5 Source RPM : zstd-1.5.0-1.el7.src.rpm Build Date : Sun 16 May 2021 10:13:19 PM CEST Build Host : buildhw-x86-12.iad2.fedoraproject.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : Fedora Project Vendor : Fedora Project URL : https://github.com/facebook/zstd Bug URL : https://bugz.fedoraproject.org/zstd Summary : Zstd compression library Description : Zstd, short for Zstandard, is a fast lossless compression algorithm, targeting real-time compression scenarios at zlib-level compression ratio. /usr/bin/pzstd /usr/bin/unzstd /usr/bin/zstd /usr/bin/zstdcat /usr/bin/zstdgrep /usr/bin/zstdless /usr/bin/zstdmt /usr/share/doc/zstd-1.5.0 /usr/share/doc/zstd-1.5.0/CHANGELOG /usr/share/doc/zstd-1.5.0/README.md /usr/share/licenses/zstd-1.5.0 /usr/share/licenses/zstd-1.5.0/COPYING /usr/share/licenses/zstd-1.5.0/LICENSE /usr/share/man/man1/pzstd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/unzstd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zstd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zstdcat.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zstdgrep.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zstdless.1.gz
Backup
Nachfolgendes Skript ermöglicht die Erstellung einer *.tar.gz-Datei oder eine *.tar.zst-Datei
- von allen Benutzerkonten
- oder über eine Datei mit E-Mail-Adressen, der zu sichernden Benutzerkonten
- pro Benutzer eine eigene *.tar.gz-Datei oder *.tar.zst-Datei
- auf Dateiebene
- mit konfigurierbaren Parametern
- und automatischer Löschung von älteren Sicherungsdateien
- und Erstellung einer fortlaufenden Log-Datei unter
/var/log/
Nachfolgende Parameter sind in der aktuellen Version konfigurierbar: (Nur relevanter Ausschnitt)
... ############################################################################## # >>> Please edit following lines for personal settings and custom usages. ! # ############################################################################## # CUSTOM - Script-Name. SCRIPT_NAME='dovecot_backup' # CUSTOM - Backup-Files compression method - (possible values: gz zst). COMPRESSION='gz' # CUSTOM - Backup-Files. TMP_FOLDER='/srv/backup' DIR_BACKUP='/srv/backup' FILE_BACKUP=dovecot_backup_`date '+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S'`.tar.$COMPRESSION FILE_DELETE=$(printf '*.tar.%s' $COMPRESSION) BACKUPFILES_DELETE=14 # CUSTOM - dovecot Folders. MAILDIR_TYPE='maildir' MAILDIR_NAME='Maildir' MAILDIR_USER='vmail' MAILDIR_GROUP='vmail' # CUSTOM - Path and file name of a file with e-mail addresses to backup, if # SET. If NOT, the script will determine all mailboxes by default. # FILE_USERLIST='/path/and/file/name/of/user/list/with/one/user/per/line' # - OR - # FILE_USERLIST='' FILE_USERLIST='' # CUSTOM - Check when FILE_USERLIST was used, if the user per line was a # valid e-mail address [Y|N]. FILE_USERLIST_VALIDATE_EMAIL='N' # CUSTOM - Mail-Recipient. MAIL_RECIPIENT='you@example.com' # CUSTOM - Status-Mail [Y|N]. MAIL_STATUS='N' ############################################################################## # >>> Normaly there is no need to change anything below this comment line. ! # ############################################################################## ...
| Parametername | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
SCRIPT_NAME | Name des Skriptes |
COMPRESSION | Art der zu verwendenden Komprimierungsmethode, je nach Endung (zst = zstd oder gz = gzip) |
TMP_FOLDER | Verzeichnis in dem ein temporärer Ordner erstellt werden soll, um die Backup-Dateien temporär zu extrahiert, damit diese dann abschliessend in ein Archivformat (tar.gz) zu packen |
DIR_BACKUP | Verzeichnis in dem die Backup-Dateien abgelegt werden sollen |
FILE_BACKUP | Allgemeiner Teil der Bezeichnung für die Backup-Dateien |
FILE_DELETE | Endung zur Löschung von älteren Archivdateien, muss wie FILE_BACKUP enden ! |
BACKUPFILES_DELETE | Anzahl der Backup-Dateien pro Benutzer die gespeichert bleiben sollen |
MAILDIR_TYPE | Maildir-Format - ohne Doppelpunkt |
MAILDIR_NAME | Name des Maildir-Verzeichnisses unterhalb des home-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers |
MAILDIR_USER | Benutzername unter dem alle Postfächer (Mailboxes) verwaltet werden, siehe auch: Dovecot CentOS 6 - Konfiguration Authentifizierung - Authentifizierungsbenutzer Dovecot CentOS 7 - Konfiguration Authentifizierung - Authentifizierungsbenutzer |
MAILDIR_GROUP | Benutzergruppe unter dem alle Postfächer (Mailboxes) verwaltet werden, siehe auch: Dovecot CentOS 6 - Konfiguration Authentifizierung - Authentifizierungsbenutzer Dovecot CentOS 7 - Konfiguration Authentifizierung - Authentifizierungsbenutzer |
FILE_USERLIST | Datei mit Benutzernamen (einer pro Zeile), welche Mailboxen/Benutzer gesichert werden, anstelle der Ermittlung durch doveadm user ”*”, um nicht alle Mailboxen/Benutzer zwangsweise zu sichern |
FILE_USERLIST_VALIDATE_EMAIL | Überprüfung des Benutzernamens, ob dieser eine gültige E-Mail Adresse darstellt. Muss dann deaktiviert werden, wenn der Benutzername keine E-Mail Adresse ist! |
MAIL_RECIPIENT | Empfänger E-Mail-Adresse für E-Mails des Skripts |
MAIL_STATUS | Versand einer Status E-Mail nach erfolgreicher Skript Ausführung |
/var/lib/dovecot
Damit nachfolgendes Backup-Skript die nötigen Rechte zum lesen der Konfigurationsdatei
/var/lib/dovecot/db/shared-mailboxes.db
hat, müssen die Besitzrechte am Verzeichnis
/var/lib/dovecot
wie folgt angepasst werden:
# chown dovecot:vmail /var/lib/dovecot
Ein Überprüfung der entsprechenden Besitzrechte sollte dann wie folgt aussehen:
# ls -ld /var/lib/dovecot/ drwxr-x--- 3 dovecot vmail 56 Mar 16 15:01 /var/lib/dovecot/
WICHTIG - Vorhergehend werden der Gruppe vmail die Rechte: lesen und ausführen eingeräumt.
Skript
#!/usr/bin/env bash ############################################################################## # Script-Name : dovecot_backup.sh # # Description : Script to backup the mailboxes from dovecot. # # On successful execution only a LOG file will be written. # # On error while execution, a LOG file and a error message # # will be send by e-mail. # # # # Last update : 20.09.2024 # # Version : 1.21 # # # # Author : Klaus Tachtler, <klaus@tachtler.net> # # DokuWiki : http://www.dokuwiki.tachtler.net # # Homepage : http://www.tachtler.net # # # # +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ # # | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | # # | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | # # | the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or | # # | (at your option) any later version. | # # +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ # # # # Copyright (c) 2024 by Klaus Tachtler. # # # ############################################################################## ############################################################################## # H I S T O R Y # ############################################################################## # Version : 1.01 # # Description : Bugfix: Delete all temporary domain directories not only the # # last one. Thanks to Guenther J. Niederwimmer. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.02 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #1 # # The name of the variable to delete the number of old backup # # files $DAYS_DELETE was renamed to $BACKUPFILES_DELETE. This # # was done for better understanding, because if the script was # # running more than once a day, this could be misunderstood. # # Thanks to Diane Trout. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.03 # # Description : Quota calculation double the calculated size of a mailbox, # # when dict was used. See also following mailing-list entry: # # # # https://www.dovecot.org/list/dovecot/2012-February/ # # 063585.html # # # # Thanks to André Peters. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.04 # # Description : Typo: Correction of the return code query of # # "# Delete LOCK file." in a pure string comparison. # # Thanks to Oli Sennhauser. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.05 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #4 # # Add error handling for dsync command. # # Add runtime statistics. # # Thanks to HenrikWMG. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.06 # # Description : Avoid an error when trying to delete backup files, if the # # $BACKUPFILES_DELETE count is NOT reached. # # Change file owner, after backup was created. # # Change file permissions to 600, after backup was created. # # Thanks to Seep1959. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.07 # # Description : Compatibility: Change the parameter order for the step # # "Delete archive files for user" for better compatibility # # with FreeBSD. # # Thanks to Alexander Preyer. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.08 # # Description : GitHub Issue #9 # # Add ability to only backup specific mailboxes, by using the # # variable FILE_USERLIST with the file path and file name as # # content. The file must contain one e-mail address per line. # # Add the calculation of the script runtime. # # Thanks to graue Ritter. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.09 # # Description : Add a switch to enable or disable e-mail address check, when # # FILE_USERLIST was set and used. # # Thanks to kbridger. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.10 # # Description : Code redesign. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.11 # # Description : GitHub Issue #12 # # Change of the temporary storage medium from DIR_BACKUP to # # TMP_FOLDER for temporary storage of extracted emails from # # the mailboxes was introduced. This allows the use of a # # temporary storage of the extracted emails from the mailboxes # # on a faster storage medium, or also on a local storage # # medium, which avoids rights problems if DIR_BACKUP is e.g. # # an NFS mounted storage. # # Thanks to Krisztián Hamar. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.12 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #13 # # Change in mv command detection due to initial problems with # # Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. # # Thanks to hatted. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.13 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #16 # # Changed the timezone format to hours: for example (+0100) at # # VAR_EMAILDATE, because not all e-Mail user interfaces can # # handle the letter time zone notation. # # Thanks to velzebop. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.14 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #18 # # Add dash '-' and dot '.' to the list of valid chars for the # # e-Mail address validation for the localpart and the # # domainpart. # # Thanks to Henrocker. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.15 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #21 # # Set the required ownership on TMP_FOLDER before running the # # script. # # Thanks to LarsBel. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.16 # # Description : Optimize ownership settings for TMP_FOLDER and DIR_BACKUP. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.17 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #22. # # Bugfix - movelog does not work properly when an email is to # # be sent due to an error, or a status email has been # # requested. # # Thanks to selbitschka. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.18 # # Description : Introduction of zstd compression as an alternative choice to # # gzip compression. So now by setting the variable COMPRESSION # # the type of compression can be selected between zst and gz. # # The zstd compression can lower the execution time by half. # # The design of the code was also revised. # # The error handling was also been improved. # # Thanks to Marco De Lellis. # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.19 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #24 # # Correct the license mismatch between GitHub and the script. # # Thanks to David Haerdeman (Alphix). # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.20 # # Description : GitHub: Pull request #26 # # Improved FreeBSD compatibility. # # Thanks to wombelix (Dominik Wombacher) # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : 1.21 # # Description : GitHub: Issue #27 # # Extension for OpenBSD compatibility. # # Thanks to ozgurkazancci (Konstantin) and # # renaudallard (Renaud Allard) # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Version : x.xx # # Description : <Description> # # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # ############################################################################## ############################################################################## # >>> Please edit following lines for personal settings and custom usages. ! # ############################################################################## # CUSTOM - Script-Name. SCRIPT_NAME='dovecot_backup' # CUSTOM - Backup-Files compression method - (possible values: gz zst). COMPRESSION='gz' # CUSTOM - Backup-Files. TMP_FOLDER='/srv/backup' DIR_BACKUP='/srv/backup' FILE_BACKUP=dovecot_backup_`date '+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S'`.tar.$COMPRESSION FILE_DELETE=$(printf '*.tar.%s' $COMPRESSION) BACKUPFILES_DELETE=14 # CUSTOM - dovecot Folders. MAILDIR_TYPE='maildir' MAILDIR_NAME='Maildir' MAILDIR_USER='vmail' MAILDIR_GROUP='vmail' # CUSTOM - Path and file name of a file with e-mail addresses to backup, if # SET. If NOT, the script will determine all mailboxes by default. # FILE_USERLIST='/path/and/file/name/of/user/list/with/one/user/per/line' # - OR - # FILE_USERLIST='' FILE_USERLIST='' # CUSTOM - Check when FILE_USERLIST was used, if the user per line was a # valid e-mail address [Y|N]. FILE_USERLIST_VALIDATE_EMAIL='N' # CUSTOM - Mail-Recipient. MAIL_RECIPIENT='root@tachtler.net' # CUSTOM - Status-Mail [Y|N]. MAIL_STATUS='N' ############################################################################## # >>> Normaly there is no need to change anything below this comment line. ! # ############################################################################## # Variables. TAR_COMMAND=`command -v tar` GZIP_COMMAND=`command -v gzip` ZSTD_COMMAND=`command -v zstd` TOUCH_COMMAND=`command -v touch` RM_COMMAND=`command -v rm` PROG_SENDMAIL=`command -v sendmail` CAT_COMMAND=`command -v cat` DATE_COMMAND=`command -v date` MKDIR_COMMAND=`command -v mkdir` CHOWN_COMMAND=`command -v chown` CHMOD_COMMAND=`command -v chmod` MKTEMP_COMMAND=`command -v mktemp` GREP_COMMAND=`command -v grep` MV_COMMAND=`command which mv` STAT_COMMAND=`command -v stat` FILE_LOCK='/tmp/'$SCRIPT_NAME'.lock' FILE_LOG='/var/log/'$SCRIPT_NAME'.log' FILE_LAST_LOG='/tmp/'$SCRIPT_NAME'.log' FILE_MAIL='/tmp/'$SCRIPT_NAME'.mail' FILE_MBOXLIST='/tmp/'$SCRIPT_NAME'.mboxlist' VAR_OS=`uname -s` VAR_HOSTNAME=`uname -n` VAR_SENDER='root@'$VAR_HOSTNAME VAR_EMAILDATE=`$DATE_COMMAND '+%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S (%z)'` declare -a VAR_LISTED_USER=() declare -a VAR_FAILED_USER=() VAR_COUNT_USER=0 VAR_COUNT_FAIL=0 # FreeBSD and OpenBSD specific commands if [ "${VAR_OS,,}" = "freebsd" ] || [ "${VAR_OS,,}" = "openbsd" ] ; then DSYNC_COMMAND=`command -v doveadm` STAT_COMMAND_PARAM_FORMAT='-f' STAT_COMMAND_ARG_FORMAT_USER='%Su' STAT_COMMAND_ARG_FORMAT_GROUP='%Sg' MKTEMP_COMMAND_PARAM_ARG="-d ${TMP_FOLDER}/${SCRIPT_NAME}-XXXXXXXXXXXX" else DSYNC_COMMAND=`command -v dsync` STAT_COMMAND_PARAM_FORMAT='-c' STAT_COMMAND_ARG_FORMAT_USER='%U' STAT_COMMAND_ARG_FORMAT_GROUP='%G' MKTEMP_COMMAND_PARAM_ARG="-d -p ${TMP_FOLDER} -t ${SCRIPT_NAME}-XXXXXXXXXXXX" fi # Functions. function log() { echo $1 echo `$DATE_COMMAND '+%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'` " INFO:" $1 >>${FILE_LAST_LOG} } function retval() { if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then case "$?" in *) log "ERROR: Unknown error $?" ;; esac fi } function movelog() { $CAT_COMMAND $FILE_LAST_LOG >> $FILE_LOG $RM_COMMAND -f $FILE_LAST_LOG $RM_COMMAND -f $FILE_LOCK } function sendmail() { case "$1" in 'STATUS') MAIL_SUBJECT='Status execution '$SCRIPT_NAME' script.' ;; *) MAIL_SUBJECT='ERROR while execution '$SCRIPT_NAME' script !!!' ;; esac $CAT_COMMAND <<MAIL >$FILE_MAIL Subject: $MAIL_SUBJECT Date: $VAR_EMAILDATE From: $VAR_SENDER To: $MAIL_RECIPIENT MAIL $CAT_COMMAND $FILE_LAST_LOG >> $FILE_MAIL $PROG_SENDMAIL -f $VAR_SENDER -t $MAIL_RECIPIENT < $FILE_MAIL $RM_COMMAND -f $FILE_MAIL } function error () { # Parameters. CODE_ERROR="$1" sendmail ERROR movelog exit $CODE_ERROR } function headerblock () { # Parameters. TEXT_INPUT="$1" LINE_COUNT=68 # Help variables. WORD_COUNT=`echo $TEXT_INPUT | wc -c` CHAR_AFTER=`expr $LINE_COUNT - $WORD_COUNT - 5` LINE_SPACE=`expr $LINE_COUNT - 3` # Format placeholder. if [ "$CHAR_AFTER" -lt "0" ]; then CHAR_AFTER="0" fi printf -v char '%*s' $CHAR_AFTER '' printf -v line '%*s' $LINE_SPACE '' log "+${line// /-}+" log "| $TEXT_INPUT${char// /.} |" log "+${line// /-}+" } function logline () { # Parameters. TEXT_INPUT="$1" TRUE_FALSE="$2" LINE_COUNT=68 # Help variables. WORD_COUNT=`echo $TEXT_INPUT | wc -c` CHAR_AFTER=`expr $LINE_COUNT - $WORD_COUNT - 9` # Format placeholder. if [ "$CHAR_AFTER" -lt "0" ]; then CHAR_AFTER="0" fi printf -v char '%*s' $CHAR_AFTER '' if [ "$TRUE_FALSE" == "true" ]; then log "$TEXT_INPUT${char// /.}[ OK ]" else log "$TEXT_INPUT${char// /.}[FAILED]" fi } function checkcommand () { # Parameters. CHECK_COMMAND="$1" if [ ! -s "$1" ]; then logline "Check if command '$CHECK_COMMAND' was found " false error 10 else logline "Check if command '$CHECK_COMMAND' was found " true fi } # Main. log "" RUN_TIMESTAMP=`$DATE_COMMAND '+%s'` headerblock "Start backup of the mailboxes [`$DATE_COMMAND '+%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S (%z)'`]" log "" log "SCRIPT_NAME.................: $SCRIPT_NAME" log "" log "OS_TYPE.....................: $VAR_OS" log "" log "COMPRESSION.................: $COMPRESSION" log "" log "TMP_FOLDER..................: $TMP_FOLDER" log "DIR_BACKUP..................: $DIR_BACKUP" log "" log "MAIL_RECIPIENT..............: $MAIL_RECIPIENT" log "MAIL_STATUS.................: $MAIL_STATUS" log "" log "FILE_USERLIST...............: $FILE_USERLIST" log "FILE_USERLIST_VALIDATE_EMAIL: $FILE_USERLIST_VALIDATE_EMAIL" log "" # Check if compress extension is allowed. if [[ $COMPRESSION != 'zst' && $COMPRESSION != 'gz' ]]; then logline "Check compression extension" false log "" log "ERROR: Compression extension $COMPRESSION unsupported: choose between gz and zst" log "" error 19 fi # Check if command (file) NOT exist OR IS empty. checkcommand $DSYNC_COMMAND checkcommand $TAR_COMMAND checkcommand $TOUCH_COMMAND checkcommand $RM_COMMAND checkcommand $CAT_COMMAND checkcommand $DATE_COMMAND checkcommand $MKDIR_COMMAND checkcommand $CHOWN_COMMAND checkcommand $CHMOD_COMMAND checkcommand $GREP_COMMAND checkcommand $MKTEMP_COMMAND checkcommand $MV_COMMAND checkcommand $STAT_COMMAND checkcommand $PROG_SENDMAIL if [ $COMPRESSION = 'gz' ]; then checkcommand $GZIP_COMMAND fi if [ $COMPRESSION = 'zst' ]; then checkcommand $ZSTD_COMMAND fi # Check if LOCK file NOT exist. if [ ! -e "$FILE_LOCK" ]; then logline "Check if the script is NOT already runnig " true $TOUCH_COMMAND $FILE_LOCK else logline "Check if the script is NOT already runnig " false log "" log "ERROR: The script was already running, or LOCK file already exists!" log "" error 20 fi # Check if TMP_FOLDER directory path NOT exists, else create it. if [ ! -d "$TMP_FOLDER" ]; then logline "Check if TMP_FOLDER exists " false $MKDIR_COMMAND -p $TMP_FOLDER if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Create temporary '$TMP_FOLDER' folder " false error 21 else logline "Create temporary '$TMP_FOLDER' folder " true fi else logline "Check if TMP_FOLDER exists " true fi # Check if TMP_FOLDER is owned by $MAILDIR_USER. if [ "$MAILDIR_USER" != `$STAT_COMMAND $STAT_COMMAND_PARAM_FORMAT "$STAT_COMMAND_ARG_FORMAT_USER" $TMP_FOLDER` ]; then logline "Check if TMP_FOLDER owner is $MAILDIR_USER " false $CHOWN_COMMAND -R $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP $TMP_FOLDER if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Set ownership of TMP_FOLDER to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " false error 22 else logline "Set ownership of TMP_FOLDER to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " true fi else logline "Check if TMP_FOLDER owner is $MAILDIR_USER " true fi # Check if TMP_FOLDER group is $MAILDIR_GROUP. if [ "$MAILDIR_GROUP" != `$STAT_COMMAND $STAT_COMMAND_PARAM_FORMAT "$STAT_COMMAND_ARG_FORMAT_GROUP" $TMP_FOLDER` ]; then logline "Check if TMP_FOLDER group is $MAILDIR_GROUP " false $CHOWN_COMMAND -R $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP $TMP_FOLDER if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Set ownership of TMP_FOLDER to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " false error 23 else logline "Set ownership of TMP_FOLDER to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " true fi else logline "Check if TMP_FOLDER group is $MAILDIR_GROUP " true fi # Check if DIR_BACKUP directory NOT exists, else create it. if [ ! -d "$DIR_BACKUP" ]; then logline "Check if DIR_BACKUP exists " false $MKDIR_COMMAND -p $DIR_BACKUP if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Create backup '$DIR_BACKUP' folder " false error 24 else logline "Create backup '$DIR_BACKUP' folder " true fi else logline "Check if DIR_BACKUP exists " true fi # Check if DIR_BACKUP is owned by $MAILDIR_USER. if [ "$MAILDIR_USER" != `$STAT_COMMAND $STAT_COMMAND_PARAM_FORMAT "$STAT_COMMAND_ARG_FORMAT_USER" $DIR_BACKUP` ]; then logline "Check if DIR_BACKUP owner is $MAILDIR_USER " false $CHOWN_COMMAND -R $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP $DIR_BACKUP if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Set ownership of DIR_BACKUP to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " false error 25 else logline "Set ownership of DIR_BACKUP to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " true fi else logline "Check if DIR_BACKUP owner is $MAILDIR_USER " true fi # Check if DIR_BACKUP group is $MAILDIR_GROUP. if [ "$MAILDIR_GROUP" != `$STAT_COMMAND $STAT_COMMAND_PARAM_FORMAT "$STAT_COMMAND_ARG_FORMAT_GROUP" $DIR_BACKUP` ]; then logline "Check if DIR_BACKUP group is $MAILDIR_GROUP " false $CHOWN_COMMAND -R $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP $DIR_BACKUP if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Set ownership of DIR_BACKUP to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " false error 26 else logline "Set ownership of DIR_BACKUP to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " true fi else logline "Check if DIR_BACKUP group is $MAILDIR_GROUP " true fi # Check if FILE_USERLIST NOT set OR IS empty. log "" if [ ! -n "$FILE_USERLIST" ]; then log "Check if the variable FILE_USERLIST is set ................[ NO ]" log "Mailboxes to backup will be determined by doveadm user \"*\"." for users in `doveadm user "*"`; do VAR_LISTED_USER+=($users); done else logline "Check if the variable FILE_USERLIST is set " true log "Mailboxes to backup will be read from file." log "" log "- File: [$FILE_USERLIST]" # Check if file exists. if [ -f "$FILE_USERLIST" ]; then logline "- Check if FILE_USERLIST exists " true else logline "- Check if FILE_USERLIST exists " false log "" error 30 fi # Check if file is readable. if [ -r "$FILE_USERLIST" ]; then logline "- Check if FILE_USERLIST is readable " true else logline "- Check if FILE_USERLIST is readable " false log "" error 31 fi # Read file into variable. while IFS= read -r line do # Check for valid e-mail address. if [ $FILE_USERLIST_VALIDATE_EMAIL = 'Y' ]; then # Check if basic email address syntax is valid. if echo "${line}" | $GREP_COMMAND '^[a-zA-Z0-9.-]*@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]*\.[a-zA-Z0-9]*$' >/dev/null; then VAR_LISTED_USER+=($line); else log "" log "ERROR: The user: $line is NOT valid e-mail address!" ((VAR_COUNT_FAIL++)) VAR_FAILED_USER+=($line); fi else VAR_LISTED_USER+=($line); fi done <"$FILE_USERLIST" # Check if VAR_COUNT_FAIL is greater than zero. If YES, set VAR_COUNT_USER to VAR_COUNT_FAIL. if [ "$VAR_COUNT_FAIL" -ne "0" ]; then VAR_COUNT_USER=$VAR_COUNT_FAIL fi fi # Start backup. log "" headerblock "Run backup $SCRIPT_NAME " log "" # Make temporary directory DIR_TEMP inside TMP_FOLDER. DIR_TEMP=$($MKTEMP_COMMAND $MKTEMP_COMMAND_PARAM_ARG) if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Create temporary '$DIR_TEMP' folder " false error 40 else logline "Create temporary '$DIR_TEMP' folder " true log "" fi # Set ownership to DIR_TEMP. $CHOWN_COMMAND -R $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP $DIR_TEMP if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Set ownership of DIR_TEMP to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " false error 41 else logline "Set ownership of DIR_TEMP to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " true log "" fi # Start real backup process for all users. for users in "${VAR_LISTED_USER[@]}"; do log "Start backup process for user: $users ..." ((VAR_COUNT_USER++)) DOMAINPART=${users#*@} LOCALPART=${users%%@*} LOCATION="$DIR_TEMP/$DOMAINPART/$LOCALPART/$MAILDIR_NAME" USERPART="$DOMAINPART/$LOCALPART" log "Extract mailbox data for user: $users ..." if [ "${VAR_OS,,}" = "freebsd" ] || [ "${VAR_OS,,}" = "openbsd" ] ; then $DSYNC_COMMAND -o plugin/quota= backup -u $users $MAILDIR_TYPE:$LOCATION else $DSYNC_COMMAND -o plugin/quota= -f -u $users backup $MAILDIR_TYPE:$LOCATION fi # Check the status of dsync and continue the script depending on the result. if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then case "$?" in 1) log "Synchronization failed > user: $users !!!" ;; 2) log "Synchronization was done without errors, but some changes couldn't be done, so the mailboxes aren't perfectly synchronized for user: $users !!!" ;; esac if [ "$?" -gt "3" ]; then log "Synchronization failed > user: $users !!!" fi ((VAR_COUNT_FAIL++)) VAR_FAILED_USER+=($users); else log "Synchronization done for user: $users ..." cd $DIR_TEMP log "Packaging to archive for user: $users ..." if [ "${VAR_OS,,}" = "freebsd" ] || [ "${VAR_OS,,}" = "openbsd" ] ; then $TAR_COMMAND -cvzf $users-$FILE_BACKUP $USERPART else $TAR_COMMAND -cvzf $users-$FILE_BACKUP $USERPART --atime-preserve --preserve-permissions fi log "Delete mailbox files for user: $users ..." $RM_COMMAND -rf "$DIR_TEMP/$DOMAINPART" if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Delete mailbox files at: $DIR_TEMP " false else logline "Delete mailbox files at: $DIR_TEMP " true fi log "Copying archive file for user: $users ..." $MV_COMMAND "$DIR_TEMP/$users-$FILE_BACKUP" "$DIR_BACKUP" if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Move archive file for user to: $DIR_BACKUP " false else logline "Move archive file for user to: $DIR_BACKUP " true fi cd $DIR_BACKUP log "Delete archive files for user: $users ..." (ls -t $users-$FILE_DELETE|head -n $BACKUPFILES_DELETE;ls $users-$FILE_DELETE)|sort|uniq -u|xargs -r rm if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Delete old archive files from: $DIR_BACKUP " false else logline "Delete old archive files from: $DIR_BACKUP " true fi fi log "Ended backup process for user: $users ..." log "" done # Delete the temporary folder DIR_TEMP. $RM_COMMAND -rf $DIR_TEMP if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Delete temporary '$DIR_TEMP' folder " false error 42 else logline "Delete temporary '$DIR_TEMP' folder " true log "" fi # Set ownership to backup directory, again. $CHOWN_COMMAND -R $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP $DIR_BACKUP if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Set ownership of DIR_BACKUP to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " false error 43 else logline "Set ownership of DIR_BACKUP to $MAILDIR_USER:$MAILDIR_GROUP " true fi # Set rights permission to backup directory. $CHMOD_COMMAND 700 $DIR_BACKUP if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Set permission of DIR_BACKUP to drwx------ " false error 44 else logline "Set permission of DIR_BACKUP to drwx------ " true fi # Set rights permissions to backup files. $CHMOD_COMMAND -R 600 $DIR_BACKUP/* if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then logline "Set file permissions in DIR_BACKUP to -rw------- " false error 45 else logline "Set file permissions in DIR_BACKUP to -rw------- " true log "" fi # Delete LOCK file. if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then retval $? log "" $RM_COMMAND -f $FILE_LOCK error 99 else headerblock "End backup $SCRIPT_NAME " log "" fi # Finish syncing with runntime statistics. headerblock "Runtime statistics " log "" log "- Number of determined users: $VAR_COUNT_USER" log "- ...Summary of failed users: $VAR_COUNT_FAIL" if [ "$VAR_COUNT_FAIL" -gt "0" ]; then log "- ...Mailbox of failed users: " for i in "${VAR_FAILED_USER[@]}" do log "- ... $i" done fi log "" END_TIMESTAMP=`$DATE_COMMAND '+%s'` if [ "${VAR_OS,,}" = "freebsd" ] || [ "${VAR_OS,,}" = "openbsd" ] ; then DELTA=$((END_TIMESTAMP-RUN_TIMESTAMP)) log "$(printf 'Runtime: %02d:%02d:%02d time elapsed.\n' $((DELTA/3600)) $((DELTA%3600/60)) $((DELTA%60)))" else log "Runtime: `$DATE_COMMAND -u -d "0 $END_TIMESTAMP seconds - $RUN_TIMESTAMP seconds" +'%H:%M:%S'` time elapsed." fi log "" headerblock "Finished creating the backups [`$DATE_COMMAND '+%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S (%z)'`]" log "" # If errors occurred on user backups, exit with return code 1 instead of 0. if [ "$VAR_COUNT_FAIL" -gt "0" ]; then sendmail ERROR # Move the log to the permanent log file. movelog exit 1 else # Status e-mail. if [ $MAIL_STATUS = 'Y' ]; then sendmail STATUS fi # Move the log to the permanent log file. movelog exit 0 fi
Beispieldatei: FILE_USERLIST
Nachfolgend eine Beispiel für den Inhalt einer Datei, welche unter der Variable:
# CUSTOM - Path and file name of a file with e-mail addresses to backup, if # SET. If NOT, the script will determine all mailboxes by default. # FILE_USERLIST='/path/and/file/name/of/user/list/with/one/email/per/line' # - OR - # FILE_USERLIST='' FILE_USERLIST='/srv/dovecot_backup.userlist'
definiert werden kann:
klaus@tachtler.net petra@tachtler.net
oder
klaus petra
Skript - Log
Nachfolgende Log-Datei entsteht im Verzeichnis
/var/log/- hier z.B./var/log/dovecot_backup.log
OHNE FILE_USERLIST:
# /root/Install/scripts/dovecot_backup.sh +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Start backup of the mailboxes [Sat, 02 Oct 2021 08:18:37 (+0200)] | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ SCRIPT_NAME.................: dovecot_backup OS_TYPE.....................: linux-gnu COMPRESSION.................: gz TMP_FOLDER..................: /srv/backup DIR_BACKUP..................: /srv/backup MAIL_RECIPIENT..............: you@example.com MAIL_STATUS.................: N FILE_USERLIST...............: FILE_USERLIST_VALIDATE_EMAIL: N Check if command 'dsync'|'/bin/dsync' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'tar'|'/bin/tar' was found ...............[ OK ] Check if command 'touch'|'/bin/touch' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'rm'|'/bin/rm' was found .................[ OK ] Check if command 'cat'|'/bin/cat' was found ...............[ OK ] Check if command 'date'|'/bin/date' was found .............[ OK ] Check if command 'mkdir'|'/bin/mkdir' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'chown'|'/bin/chown' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'chmod'|'/bin/chmod' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'grep'|'/bin/grep' was found .............[ OK ] Check if command 'mktemp'|'/bin/mktemp' was found .........[ OK ] Check if command 'mv'|'/bin/mv' was found .................[ OK ] Check if command 'stat'|'/bin/stat' was found .............[ OK ] Check if command 'sendmail'|'/sbin/sendmail' was found ....[ OK ] Check if command 'gzip'|'/bin/gzip' was found .............[ OK ] Check if the script is NOT already runnig .................[ OK ] Check if TMP_FOLDER exists ................................[ OK ] Check if TMP_FOLDER owner is vmail ........................[ OK ] Check if TMP_FOLDER group is vmail ........................[ OK ] Check if DIR_BACKUP exists ................................[ OK ] Check if DIR_BACKUP owner is vmail ........................[ OK ] Check if DIR_BACKUP group is vmail ........................[ OK ] Check if the variable FILE_USERLIST is set ................[ NO ] Mailboxes to backup will be determined by doveadm user "*". +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Run backup dovecot_backup ..................................... | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ Create temporary '/srv/backup/dovecot_backup-0UCtpQfhdsiH' folder [ OK ] Set ownership of DIR_TEMP to vmail:vmail ..................[ OK ] Start backup process for user: ... ... ... ... ... Set ownership of DIR_BACKUP to vmail:vmail ................[ OK ] Set permission of DIR_BACKUP to drwx------ ................[ OK ] Set file permissions in DIR_BACKUP to -rw------- ..........[ OK ] +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | End backup dovecot_backup ..................................... | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Runtime statistics ............................................ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ - Number of determined users: 4 - ...Summary of failed users: 0 Runtime: 00:01:54 time elapsed. +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Finished creating the backups [Sat, 02 Oct 2021 08:20:31 (+0200)] | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
MIT FILE_USERLIST:
# /root/Install/scripts/dovecot_backup.sh +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Start backup of the mailboxes [Sat, 02 Oct 2021 08:06:04 (+0200)] | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ SCRIPT_NAME.................: dovecot_backup OS_TYPE.....................: linux-gnu COMPRESSION.................: gz TMP_FOLDER..................: /srv/backup DIR_BACKUP..................: /srv/backup MAIL_RECIPIENT..............: you@example.com MAIL_STATUS.................: N FILE_USERLIST...............: /srv/dovecot_backup.userlist FILE_USERLIST_VALIDATE_EMAIL: N Check if command 'dsync'|'/bin/dsync' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'tar'|'/bin/tar' was found ...............[ OK ] Check if command 'touch'|'/bin/touch' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'rm'|'/bin/rm' was found .................[ OK ] Check if command 'cat'|'/bin/cat' was found ...............[ OK ] Check if command 'date'|'/bin/date' was found .............[ OK ] Check if command 'mkdir'|'/bin/mkdir' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'chown'|'/bin/chown' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'chmod'|'/bin/chmod' was found ...........[ OK ] Check if command 'grep'|'/bin/grep' was found .............[ OK ] Check if command 'mktemp'|'/bin/mktemp' was found .........[ OK ] Check if command 'mv'|'/bin/mv' was found .................[ OK ] Check if command 'stat'|'/bin/stat' was found .............[ OK ] Check if command 'sendmail'|'/sbin/sendmail' was found ....[ OK ] Check if command 'gzip'|'/bin/gzip' was found .............[ OK ] Check if the script is NOT already runnig .................[ OK ] Check if TMP_FOLDER exists ................................[ OK ] Check if TMP_FOLDER owner is vmail ........................[ OK ] Check if TMP_FOLDER group is vmail ........................[ OK ] Check if DIR_BACKUP exists ................................[ OK ] Check if DIR_BACKUP owner is vmail ........................[ OK ] Check if DIR_BACKUP group is vmail ........................[ OK ] Check if the variable FILE_USERLIST is set ................[ OK ] Mailboxes to backup will be read from file. - File: [/srv/dovecot_backup.userlist] - Check if FILE_USERLIST exists ...........................[ OK ] - Check if FILE_USERLIST is readable ......................[ OK ] +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Run backup dovecot_backup ..................................... | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ Create temporary '/srv/backup/dovecot_backup-OnUxredsCgti' folder [ OK ] Set ownership of DIR_TEMP to vmail:vmail ..................[ OK ] Start backup process for user: klaus@tachtler.net ... Extract mailbox data for user: klaus@tachtler.net ... ... ... Synchronization done for user: klaus@tachtler.net ... Packaging to archive for user: klaus@tachtler.net ... ... ... Delete mailbox files for user: klaus@tachtler.net ... Delete mailbox files at: /srv/backup/dovecot_backup-OnUxredsCgti [ OK ] Copying archive file for user: klaus@tachtler.net ... Move archive file for user to: /srv/backup ................[ OK ] Delete archive files for user: klaus@tachtler.net ... Delete old archive files from: /srv/backup ................[ OK ] Ended backup process for user: klaus@tachtler.net ... Start backup process for user: petra@tachtler.net ... Extract mailbox data for user: petra@tachtler.net ... ... ... Synchronization done for user: petra@tachtler.net ... Packaging to archive for user: petra@tachtler.net ... ... ... Delete mailbox files for user: petra@tachtler.net ... Delete mailbox files at: /srv/backup/dovecot_backup-OnUxredsCgti [ OK ] Copying archive file for user: petra@tachtler.net ... Move archive file for user to: /srv/backup ................[ OK ] Delete archive files for user: petra@tachtler.net ... Delete old archive files from: /srv/backup ................[ OK ] Ended backup process for user: petra@tachtler.net ... Delete temporary '/srv/backup/dovecot_backup-OnUxredsCgti' folder [ OK ] Set ownership of DIR_BACKUP to vmail:vmail ................[ OK ] Set permission of DIR_BACKUP to drwx------ ................[ OK ] Set file permissions in DIR_BACKUP to -rw------- ..........[ OK ] +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | End backup dovecot_backup ..................................... | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Runtime statistics ............................................ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ - Number of determined users: 2 - ...Summary of failed users: 0 Runtime: 00:01:46 time elapsed. +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Finished creating the backups [Sat, 02 Oct 2021 08:07:50 (+0200)] | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Anmerkung zur Ausführung:
HINWEIS - Bis Version 1.05 !
HINWEIS - Falls nachfolgende Fehlermeldung auftreten sollte:
... INFO: Delete old archive files /srv/backup ......................[FAILED]
bedeutet dies nur, dass noch nicht genug alte Archivdateien vorhanden sind, damit diese gelöscht werden können!
Skript - Logrotate
Damit die LOG-Datei des Skriptes nicht ins unendliche wächst, sollte diese ebenfalls, wie auch die Log-Dateien von Dovecot selbst, rotiert werden.
Um die LOG-Dateien des Skriptes ebenfalls wie die LOG-Dateien von Dovecot selbst zu rotieren ist nachfolgende Ergänzung in der Kofigurationsdatei
/etc/logrotate.d/dovecot
erforderlich:
VORHER: (Komplette Konfigurationsdatei)
# dovecot SIGUSR1: Re-opens the log files.
/var/log/dovecot.log {
missingok
notifempty
delaycompress
sharedscripts
postrotate
/bin/kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/dovecot/master.pid 2>/dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true
endscript
}
NACHHER: (Komplette Konfigurationsdatei)
# dovecot SIGUSR1: Re-opens the log files.
/var/log/dovecot.log /var/log/dovecot_backup.log {
missingok
notifempty
delaycompress
sharedscripts
postrotate
/bin/kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/dovecot/master.pid 2>/dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true
endscript
}
Nachfolgend die geänderte Zeile (Nur relevanter Ausschnitt):
...
/var/log/dovecot.log /var/log/dovecot_backup.log {
...
Skript - cron-Job
Nachfolgend kann auch ein cron-Job zur z.B. nächtlichen Ausführung eingerichtet werden. Dazu können nachfolgende zwei Konfigurationszeilen an die bestehende Konfigurationsdatei
/etc/crontab
angehängt werden:
# Backup dovecot mailboxes 5 03 * * * root /usr/local/bin/dovecot_backup.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
* Ausführung nächtlich um 03:05 Uhr
Skript - Dateien
Nachfolgend sollten nachfolgende Dateien im Backup-Verzeichnis, welches im Skript definiert ist, erstellt worden sein, nachdem das Skript zur Ausführung gekommen ist. Hier z.B. /srv/backup/, was mit nachfolgendem Befehl überprüft werden kann:
# ls -la /srv/backup/ total 50108 drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:11 . drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Apr 29 13:03 .. -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 51290558 Apr 29 15:11 klaus@tachtler.net-dovecot_backup_20140429_151044.tar.gz -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 21230432 Apr 29 15:12 petra@tachtler.net-dovecot_backup_20140429_151044.tar.gz
Recovery
Die Erstellung eines Backups (Sicherung) ist eine Sache, jedoch wie können im Fall eines Datenverlusts, die Daten wiederhergestellt werden.
Entpacken
Nachfolgendes Beispiel zeigt, wie zuerst die im Backup enthaltenen Daten in eine Verzeichnis unterhalb von
/tmp
wiederhergestellt werden können.
Dazu kann mit nachfolgendem Befehl ein Verzeichnis mit dem Namen recovery unterhalb des Verzeichnisses /tmp angelegt werden:
# mkdir /tmp/recovery
Anschließend kann dann mit nachfolgendem Befehl das komplette Maildir-Verzeichnis aller Benutzer unterhalb einer ganzen Domäne wiederhergestellt werden:
Als Beispiel sind hier nachfolgende Gegebenheiten angenommen:
- Das Backup befindet sich unter
/srv/backup - Der Benutzer lautet
klaus@tachtler.net
*.tar.gz-Komprimierungsmethode
# tar -avzf /srv/backup/klaus@tachtler.net-dovecot_backup_20140429_151044.tar.gz -C /tmp/recovery --atime-preserve --preserve-permissions
*.tar.zst-Komprimierungsmethode
# tar -avzf /srv/backup/klaus@tachtler.net-dovecot_backup_20140429_151044.tar.zst -C /tmp/recovery --atime-preserve --preserve-permissions
HINWEIS - Der Paramter -a beim Befehl tar hat nachfolgende Bedeutung:
-a, --auto-compress
use archive suffix to determine the compression program
Nach erfolgreicher Ausführung des oben gezeigten Befehls, kann mit nachfolgendem Befehl überprüft werden, ob alle Daten aus der Backup-Datei erfolgreich extrahiert werden konnten:
# ls -la /tmp/recovery/tachtler.net/klaus/Maildir total 464 drwx------ 30 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:11 . drwx------ 3 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:10 .. drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 36864 Apr 29 15:11 cur -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 0 Apr 29 15:10 dovecot-acl-list -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 260484 Apr 29 15:11 dovecot.index.cache -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 8640 Apr 29 15:11 dovecot.index.log -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 24 Apr 29 15:11 dovecot-keywords -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 648 Apr 29 15:10 dovecot.mailbox.log -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 20649 Apr 29 15:11 dovecot-uidlist -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 8 Apr 29 15:10 dovecot-uidvalidity -r--r--r-- 1 vmail vmail 0 Apr 29 15:10 dovecot-uidvalidity.535fa4ee drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:11 .Drafts drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:11 .Junk -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 0 Apr 29 15:10 maildirfolder -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 81 Apr 29 15:11 maildirsize drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:10 new drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:11 .Sent -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 574 Apr 29 15:10 subscriptions drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:11 tmp drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 15:11 .Trash
dsync-Befehl
Nachfolgender Befehl kopiert dann im laufenden Betrieb, die Daten in das Maildir-Verzeichnis von Dovecot zurück.
Als Beispiel sind hier nachfolgende Gegebenheiten angenommen:
- Das Backup befindet sich unter
/tmp/recovery/tachtler.net/klaus/Maildir/ - Der Benutzer lautet
klaus@tachtler.net
# dsync -R -f -u klaus@tachtler.net backup maildir:/tmp/recovery/tachtler.net/klaus/Maildir
Mit nachfolgendem Befehl kann nun überprüft werden, ob das recovery (zurück kopieren) erfolgreich war.
Als Beispiel sind hier nachfolgende Gegebenheiten angenommen:
- Das Backup befindet sich unter
/tmp/recovery/tachtler.net/klaus/Maildir/ - Der Benutzer lautet
klaus@tachtler.net - Das Maildir-Verzeichnis unter Dovecot befindet sich unter
/var/spool/vmail/tachtler.net/klaus/Maildir
# ls -la /var/spool/vmail/tachtler.net/klaus/Maildir total 480 drwx------ 30 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 16:27 . drwx------ 4 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 12:27 .. drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 36864 Apr 29 16:27 cur -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 0 Apr 29 16:26 dovecot-acl-list -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 260484 Apr 29 16:27 dovecot.index.cache -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 8556 Apr 29 16:27 dovecot.index.log -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 648 Apr 29 16:26 dovecot.mailbox.log -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 20649 Apr 29 16:27 dovecot-uidlist -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 8 Apr 29 16:26 dovecot-uidvalidity -r--r--r-- 1 vmail vmail 0 Apr 29 16:26 dovecot-uidvalidity.535fb6a3 drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 16:27 .Drafts drwx------ 6 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 16:27 .Junk -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 0 Apr 29 16:26 maildirfolder -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 25 Apr 29 16:27 maildirsize drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 16:26 new drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 16:27 .Sent -rw------- 1 vmail vmail 574 Apr 29 16:26 subscriptions drwx------ 2 vmail vmail 24576 Apr 29 16:27 tmp drwx------ 5 vmail vmail 4096 Apr 29 16:27 .Trash
Login-Test mit telnet
Um zu Überprüfen, ob eine Anmeldung als Benutzer von einem entfernten Rechner möglich ist, kann nachfolgender Befehl genutzt werden:
# telnet 192.168.0.80 143 Trying 192.168.0.80... Connected to 192.168.0.80. Escape character is '^]'. * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE STARTTLS AUTH=PLAIN AUTH=DIGEST-MD5 AUTH=CRAM-MD5 AUTH=LOGIN] Dovecot ready. a1 login klaus@tachtler.net geheim a1 OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE SORT SORT=DISPLAY THREAD=REFERENCES THREAD=REFS THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT MULTIAPPEND URL-PARTIAL CATENATE UNSELECT CHILDREN NAMESPACE UIDPLUS LIST-EXTENDED I18NLEVEL=1 CONDSTORE QRESYNC ESEARCH ESORT SEARCHRES WITHIN CONTEXT=SEARCH LIST-STATUS SPECIAL-USE BINARY MOVE COMPRESS=DEFLATE QUOTA ACL RIGHTS=texk] Logged in a2 list "" "*" * LIST (\HasChildren) "/" INBOX * LIST (\HasNoChildren \Junk) "/" INBOX/Junk * LIST (\HasNoChildren \Sent) "/" INBOX/Sent * LIST (\HasNoChildren \Trash) "/" INBOX/Trash * LIST (\HasNoChildren \Drafts) "/" INBOX/Drafts a2 OK List completed. a3 logout * BYE Logging out a3 OK Logout completed. Connection closed by foreign host.
Erforderliche Benutzereingaben:
telnet 192.168.0.80 143a1 login klaus@tachtler.net geheim
a2 list "" "*"
a3 logout
tachtler/dovecot_backup_-_skript.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2024/09/20 16:56 von klaus